A FormBlends network publication
FormBlends Research

Trials

24 pages in this section, most recently updated September 4, 2026.

  1. 01

    SURMOUNT-1: tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg for obesity over 72 weeks

    The pivotal tirzepatide weight-management trial. 2539 adults without diabetes, three doses against placebo, mean weight change of -15.0 to -20.9 percent versus -3.1 percent at week 72.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  2. 02

    SURMOUNT-2: tirzepatide for obesity in people with type 2 diabetes

    938 adults with type 2 diabetes and BMI 27 or higher, tirzepatide 10 or 15 mg against placebo for 72 weeks. Weight change -12.8 and -14.7 percent versus -3.2 percent.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  3. 03

    SURMOUNT-3: tirzepatide after a 12-week intensive lifestyle programme

    579 adults who had already lost 5 percent or more in a lifestyle lead-in were randomised to tirzepatide or placebo for 72 more weeks. Additional change -18.4 percent versus +2.5 percent.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  4. 04

    SURMOUNT-4: what happens when tirzepatide is stopped

    A randomised withdrawal trial. After 36 weeks on tirzepatide, 670 adults either continued or switched to placebo for 52 weeks. Continued: -5.5 percent more. Switched: +14.0 percent regained.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  5. 05

    SURMOUNT-5: tirzepatide against semaglutide, head to head

    The first direct comparison in obesity without diabetes. 751 adults, maximum tolerated dose of each drug for 72 weeks. Tirzepatide -20.2 percent, semaglutide -13.7 percent.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  6. 06

    SURMOUNT-OSA: tirzepatide for obstructive sleep apnea with obesity

    Two 52-week trials, with and without PAP therapy. Tirzepatide cut the apnea-hypopnea index by 25.3 and 29.3 events per hour versus 5.3 and 5.5 on placebo.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  7. 07

    SURPASS-2: tirzepatide versus semaglutide 1 mg in type 2 diabetes

    1879 patients, 40 weeks, three tirzepatide doses against semaglutide 1 mg. Primary endpoint was HbA1c, not weight: -2.01 to -2.30 versus -1.86 percentage points.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  8. 08

    STEP 1: semaglutide 2.4 mg for obesity over 68 weeks

    The pivotal semaglutide weight-management trial. 1961 adults without diabetes, 2:1 against placebo, mean weight change -14.9 percent versus -2.4 percent at week 68.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  9. 09

    STEP 2: semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management in type 2 diabetes

    1210 adults with type 2 diabetes and BMI 27 or higher. Semaglutide 2.4 mg, 1.0 mg and placebo for 68 weeks. Weight change -9.6 percent versus -3.4 percent for the primary comparison.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  10. 10

    STEP 3: semaglutide with intensive behavioural therapy

    611 US adults, semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo, both with a low-calorie diet for 8 weeks and 30 counselling visits over 68 weeks. Weight change -16.0 percent versus -5.7 percent.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  11. 11

    STEP 4: continuing versus stopping semaglutide after 20 weeks

    803 adults who reached 2.4 mg in a 20-week run-in were randomised to continue or switch to placebo for 48 weeks. Continued: -7.9 percent more. Switched: +6.9 percent regained.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  12. 12

    STEP 5: two years of semaglutide 2.4 mg

    304 adults, semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo for 104 weeks. Weight change -15.2 percent versus -2.6 percent, nearly identical to the 68-week STEP 1 result.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  13. 13

    STEP 8: semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly versus liraglutide 3.0 mg daily

    338 US adults without diabetes, 68 weeks. Semaglutide -15.8 percent, liraglutide -6.4 percent, pooled placebo -1.9 percent. Discontinuation for any reason 13.5 versus 27.6 percent.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  14. 14

    STEP-HFpEF: semaglutide in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity

    529 patients, semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo for 52 weeks. Dual primary endpoints: symptom score improved 16.6 versus 8.7 points; weight fell 13.3 versus 2.6 percent.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  15. 15

    SELECT: semaglutide and cardiovascular events in obesity without diabetes

    17,604 patients with existing cardiovascular disease and BMI 27 or higher, followed for a mean of 39.8 months. Heart attack, stroke or cardiovascular death: 6.5 versus 8.0 percent, hazard ratio 0.80.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  16. 16

    FLOW: semaglutide 1.0 mg and kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease

    3533 patients, median follow-up 3.4 years, stopped early for efficacy. Major kidney events were 24 percent less frequent: hazard ratio 0.76 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.88).

    Updated September 4, 2026

  17. 17

    SUSTAIN-6: semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes

    The 2016 safety trial that first showed fewer cardiovascular events with semaglutide. 3297 patients, 104 weeks, hazard ratio 0.74 for the composite, with a retinopathy signal.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  18. 18

    PIONEER 6: oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes

    3183 patients at high cardiovascular risk, median 15.9 months. MACE 3.8 versus 4.8 percent, hazard ratio 0.79 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.11): noninferior, not superior.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  19. 19

    Retatrutide phase 2: a triple GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist for obesity

    338 adults, 48 weeks, four dose levels against placebo. Weight change at 48 weeks: -8.7, -17.1, -22.8 and -24.2 percent versus -2.1 percent. Phase 2, no confidence intervals in the abstract.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  20. 20

    TRANSCEND-T2D-1: retatrutide phase 3 monotherapy in early type 2 diabetes

    537 adults with diet-and-exercise-controlled type 2 diabetes, 40 weeks, retatrutide 4, 9 or 12 mg against placebo. HbA1c -1.69 to -1.94 versus -0.81 points; weight -11.5 to -15.3 versus -2.6 percent.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  21. 21

    ATTAIN-1: orforglipron, a once-daily oral small-molecule GLP-1, for obesity

    3127 adults with obesity and no diabetes, 72 weeks. Orforglipron 6, 12 and 36 mg daily: -7.5, -8.4 and -11.2 percent versus -2.1 percent on placebo.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  22. 22

    ATTAIN-2: oral orforglipron for obesity in people with type 2 diabetes

    1613 adults with type 2 diabetes and BMI 27 or higher, 72 weeks. Orforglipron 6, 12 and 36 mg daily: -5.1, -7.0 and -9.6 percent versus -2.5 percent on placebo.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  23. 23

    REDEFINE 1: CagriSema (cagrilintide plus semaglutide) for obesity

    3417 adults without diabetes, 68 weeks. The 2.4 mg plus 2.4 mg combination: -20.4 percent versus -3.0 percent on placebo. Monotherapy arms were included but their results are not in the abstract.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  24. 24

    REDEFINE 2: CagriSema for obesity in people with type 2 diabetes

    1206 adults with type 2 diabetes and BMI 27 or higher, 68 weeks, 3:1 against placebo. Weight change -13.7 percent versus -3.4 percent; 73.5 percent reached HbA1c 6.5 or lower.

    Updated September 4, 2026